GENERALIZED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS:
Hello mechons, in this post we are going to explain to you about what is a generalized measurement system, the basic requirements for measurements, measuring instruments, and elements of the general measurement system
Ok, first let's begin with
What is an instrument?
An Instrument may be defined as a device that is used to provide a functional relationship between properties of physical variables(heat, mass, pressure, etc.,) which are used and must include ways for communication to a human observer.
 |
| (Vernier caliper) |
BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF MEASUREMENT:
- The standard instruments which are used for comparison purposes must be accurate & must be accepted worldwide.
- The apparatus that is used for measuring and the method which is followed for measuring must be acceptable worldwide.
MEASURING INSTRUMENT:
A measuring instrument is defined as a device for determining the magnitude of any quantity
or variable that is to be measured.
ELEMENTS OF A GENERALIZED MEASUREMENT SYSTEM:
The main functional elements of a measuring system are listed as below
- Primary Sensing Element.
- Variable Conversion Element
- Variable Manipulation Element
- Data Transmission Element
- Data Presentation Element
Primary sensing element:
The primary sensing element makes the contact first with the quantity which is to be measured.
It means that the unknown quantity which is to be measured is first detected by a primary sensor and that primary sensor provides the output in an analog form(like voltage). Then this analog output is converted into an electrical signal by using a transducer.
(Transducer is a device that converts the physical form of signals into electrical form.)
The primary sensing element transfers the measurand to the variable conversion element for further processing.
 |
| (Pressure sensor) |
Variable conversion element:
The output which is provided by the primary sensing element may be at any form of an electrical signal, it
maybe a voltage signal, a frequency signal, or other electrical
Parameters.
To perform the desired function by the instrument, it is necessary to convert that output into some other suitable forms. And these conversions of information must be done without any loss in the original data provided by the measurand. This conversion of information is performed by a variable conversion element and it is also named as an intermediate transducer of measurement system.
Variable manipulation element:
The variable manipulation element is used for modification of the direct signals provided variable conversion element. In the modification, the processes like amplification, attenuation, filtering of the signal may be carried out. So that the desired output is produced without any change in the physical nature of the variable to be measured. The variable manipulation system is the middle stage of the measurement system.
 |
| (Elements of general measurement system) |
Data Transmission Element:
The functional element of the measuring system must be separated in some situations, then it is necessary to transfer data from one element to another. The function of separating data element is carried by the Data transmission element.
Data Presentation Element:
The information about the quantity to be measured must be able to communicate with the human observer for monitoring and controlling purposes. Therefore the information of the measurand must be presented in the way that a human observer can easily understand and manipulate it. This function of presenting the information suited for observation is done by using data presentation element.
 |
| (Presentation element) |
Conclusion
That's all about the elements of general measurement system, I hope that you understand the definitions, elements of measurements.
If you have any queries or doubts or need improvements in this article put that in the below-mentioned comments section we will reply and rectify as fast as possible.
Spark your brain and Throttle your knowledge.